❧ Proclus (412–485 CE)

Proclus was probably the most prolific writer among the Neoplatonists; he was at any rate the towering figure of philosophy in the Roman Empire during his own long life and in the following generations. A small portion of his works were translated into Arabic and Latin during the Middle Ages, and he remained a well-known but highly controversial author in the Eastern Roman Empire until its fall in 1453 (at least). He has also been important in Georgian and Armenian philosophy, and was an important influence on Renaissance Platonism, on the important reviver of Neoplatonism, Thomas Taylor, and on Hegel.

A good overview of Proclus is given in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; this bibliography is largely based on theirs.

POSTS

(etc.)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

This bibliography is divided into four sections: (1) fully or partially extant authentic works, with a focus on translations, mostly into English, rather than editions; (2) works with very few fragments surviving, or known only by title; (3) works wrongly ascribed to Proclus; (4) later writings which oppose, adapt or comment on his works, including most importantly the various versions of the so-called Liber de causis, an adaptation of Proclus' Elements of Theology that circulated under Aristotle's name; (5) modern scholarly publications.

1. Proclus' works
[under construction]

1.1 Philology / Poetry
Commentary on Hesiod's Works and Days [copious fragments]
(etc.)
Epigrams [two extant]
(etc.)
(Hymns - see 1.7)

1.2 Introductory ethics
Commentary on (Pseudo-)Pythagoras' Golden Verses
extant in Arabic; authenticity has been doubted, but I think not for very good reasons.
(etc.)

1.3 Physics and Mathematics
Elements of Physics
(etc.)
Commentary on Euclid's Elements, Book 1 [ending fragmentary (I'm not sure how badly)]
(etc.)
Exposition of Astronomical Hypotheses
(etc.)

1.4 Original philosophical treatises
On the Eternity of the World, against the Christians [18 arguments; fragments]
(etc.)

     1.4.1 The three opuscula (little works) [all extant in Latin and in a Christian adaptation]
     Ten Problems Concerning Providence
     ⸻translation: C. Steel & J. Opsomer, Proclus: Ten Problems Concerning Providence, 2014.
     On Providence, Fate and What Depends on Us
     ⸻translation: C. Steel, Proclus: On Providence, 2007.
     On the Existence of Evils
     ⸻translation: C. Steel & J. Opsomer, Proclus: On the Existence of Evils, 2014.

1.5 Systematic theological works
Elements of Theology
⸻the current Greek edition does not take sufficient account of medieval translations (esp. the Georgian).
⸻edition & translation: E.R., Dodds The Elements of Theology, 1963 (2nd edition).
Platonic Theology
extant in full and in excerpts; transmitted with scholia.
⸻translation: Th. Taylor, Proclus’ Theology of Plato, 1816. Online at Wikisource. Includes a seventh book added by Taylor.
(Cf. On the Chaldean Philosophy - see 1.7)

1.6 Commentaries on Plato

     1.6.1 Standard curriculum - including lost works
     [1] On the Alcibiades
     extant up to 116b.
     (etc.)
     [2] On the Phaedo [lost]
     provided the basis of both of Damascius' commentaries.
     used in Olympiodorus' commentary.
     (etc.)
     [3] On the Gorgias [lost]
     used in Olympiodorus' commentary.
     (etc.)
     [4] On the Cratylus
     extant up to 407c.
     ⸻translation: B. Duvick, Proclus: On Plato Cratylus, 2007.
     ⸻monograph: R. M. van den Berg, Proclus’ Commentary on the Cratylus in Context, 2008.
     [5] On the Theaetetus [lost]
     (etc.)
     [6] On the Sophist [lost]
     (etc.)
     [7] N/A
     ⸻Proclus is not known to have written a commentary on Plato's Statesman.
     [8] On the Phaedrus [lost]
     ⸻Proclus' fellow student Hermias wrote an extant commentary based on Syrianus' lectures.
     (etc.)
     [9] On the Symposium (on the Discourse of Diotima) [lost]
     (etc.)
     [10] On the Philebus [lost, but used throughout Damascius' commentary]
     provided the basis of Damascius' commentary.
     (etc.)
     [11] On the Timaeus
     extant up to 44d; transmitted with scholia.
     (etc.)
     [12] On the Parmenides
     extant up to 142a (the last portion only in Latin).
     (etc.)
     1.6.2 Outside the curriculum
     Commentary on Plato's Republic
     in 12 essays, the 2nd lost; transmitted with scholia.
     (etc.)

1.7 Hieratic works
Hymns
seven full hymns, two or three fragments, and the titles of a few more extant.
⸻translation: R. M. van den Berg, Proclus' Hymns. Essays, Translations, Commentary, 2001.
On the hieratic art according to the Greeks
fragment; better known as De sacrificio et magia
(etc.)
On the Chaldean Philosophy
five fragments, and used by Psellus in his Chaldaean/Assyrian writings; not only on hieratic/theurgy
(etc.)

2. Lost works
[under construction]

2.1 Aristotelica [compare the many parallel works from other Neoplatonists]
Prolegomena to the study of Aristotle (Gr. Synanagnôsis)
Commentary on Porphyry's Isagoge
Commentary on Aristotle's Categories
Commentary on Aristotle's De interpretatione
Commentary on Aristotle's Prior Analytics
Commentary on Aristotle's Posterior Analytics

2.3 Platonica
Prolegomena to Plato's Philosophy
⸻cf. the Anonymous Prolegomena to Platonic Philosophy and the introduction to Olympiodorus' Commentary on Plato's Alcibiades
Purification of the Doctrines of Plato
On the Three Monads (in the Philebus)
Monobiblion ("On the Knowledge of the One"?)
Collection of the Mathematical Theorems Related to the Timaeus

2.4 Theology/Philology
On Orphic Theology
On the Harmony of Orpheus, Pythagoras and Plato with the Oracles
Commentary on the Whole of Homer
On the Gods of Homer
On Mythical Symbols
On the Mother of the Gods
On Hecate

2.5 Hieratic/Theurgy
On Elevation (Gr. Peri agôgês)

3. Pseudo-Proclian works
At least partially by other Procli, rather than falsely ascribed.

3.1 Philology & Rhetoric
Chrestomathia [extant in an epitome in Photius' Bibliotheca]
On Epistolary Style

3.2 Astronomy
Sphaera [Latin version, wrongly ascribed to Proclus, of what is really Geminus' Isagoge]

3.3 Astrology
Paraphrase of Ptolemy's Tetrabiblion
Commentary on Ptolemy' Tetrabiblion

3.4 Hymn
Ô pantôn epekeina [has been ascribed to various writers]

4. Reactions to and commentaries on Proclus
[under construction]

4.1 Late Neoplatonists on Proclus
Marinus, Proclus or On Happiness (usually called 'Life of Proclus')

4.2 Late antique Christians on Proclus
John Philoponus, Against Proclus on the Eternity of the World

4.3 Reception in East Roman, Georgian and Armenian Philosophy
Nicholas of Methone, Refutation of Proclus' Elements of Theology
Joane Petritsi, Georgian translation of the Elements of Theology with commentary

4.4 Reception history of the Pseudo-Aristotelian Liber de causis
The Arabic Book on the Pure Good
The Latin Liber de causis
Albertus Magnus, Commentary on the Liber de causis
Thomas Aquinas, Commentary on the Liber de causis

4.5 Other Proclian works in the Latin Middle Ages
Berthold of Moosburg, Exposition on Proclus' Elements of Theology

4.6 Proclus in the West since the Renaissance
Thomas Taylor, a seventh book added to the Platonic Theology

5. Modern secondary literature
[under construction]

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